Diamine-stabilized adhesive compositions



FIP

United States Patent Our invention relates to adhesive compositions. More particularly our invention relates to adhesive compositions stabilized against attack by microorganisms.

Adhesive compositions are made from a wide variety of materials and have many and varied applications. Generally most adhesives are separated into three main categories: those which are of an animal origin such as the animal glues, the fish glues, and the casein pastes; those of vegetable origin such as the gums, the starch adhesives, the dextrin adhesives, the rubber latex adhesives, and the natural resin adhesives; and the synthetic adhesives such as the synthetic resins, for example, those of the urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, acrylic, and vinyl types. All such adhesives possess one common property, the ability to enable surfaces to merge on contact or under pressure and after merger, resist separation.

A common problem of adhesive compositions is their lack of resistance to attack by certain microorganisms during storage. On certain of the widely used types of adhesives, particularly casein adhesives and starch adhesives, spoilage takes place in a matter of days. Such spoilage, which can finally cause coagulation and even separation of the adhesive, is easily observed by the formation of mold and the production of highly noxious odors.

We have now discovered a means whereby adhesive compositions can be made resistant to spoilage. Our new adhesive compositions even retain this resistance after long storage periods. Thus, our stabilized adhesive compositions are not only effective in preventing mold formation and noxious odors but successfully inhibit decomposition, coagulation and separation of the adhesive composition itself.

Our adhesive compositions are produced by incorporating a stabilizing amount of a diamine having the following general formula:

R H R tell-R H NHz wherein R is cycloalkyl or the radical wherein R is an alkyl radical having not more than 20 canbon atoms or hydrogen and wherein R is lower alkyl or hydrogen into the adhesive composition.

Examples of suitable diamines coming within the scope of our invention are N ,N -dibutyl-2-methyl-l,2-propanediamine, N ,N -bis( l,3-dimethylbutyl)-2 methyl-1, 2-propanediamine, N ,N -bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-methyl-l,2- propanediamine, N ,N -bis( l-methylheptyl) -2-methyl-l, 2-propanediamine, N ,N -di-n-nonyl-2-methyl 1,2 propanediamine, N -heptadecyl-2 methyl 1,2 propanediamine, N-(l-aminocyclohexylmethyl)dodecylamine, etc., and the like.

The amount of diamine necessary to stabilize adhesive compositions will naturally vary depending in the main on the particular adhesive to be stabilized and the conditions of storage. Usually, however, amounts as low as 100 p.p.m. by weight based on the weight of the adga REFERENCE 3,248,245 Patented Apr. 26, 1966 hesive compositions are effective in controlling spoilage. Generally we have found that it is not necessary to exceed 1,000 p.p.m. of our stabilizing agents in the adhesive compositions. Under most circumstances satisfactory results are obtained when 250 p.p.m. to 500 ppm of our stabilizers are utilized.

The following examples further illustrate our invention, but we do not intend to be limited to the procedures, types of adhesives, or amounts of diamines set out therein. Inclusion of all equivalents obvious to the art is intended.

EXAMPLE I To test the effectiveness of our diamines in preserving adhesive compositions, a casein adhesive composition containing 70 grams casein, 7 mls. of a 29% ammonia solution, and 623 mls. of water was divided into 7 equal portions. A diamine stabilizing agent was added to 6 of the 7 portions and the remaining portion was used as a control. Each of the 7 portions was then inoculated with a mold found growing in a casein-adhesive com- The procedure of Example I was followed with the exception that a polyvinyl alcohol starch adhesive containing 35 grams polyvinyl alcohol, 70 grams corn starch, and 525 mls. water was utilized instead of the casein adhesive of Example I. The following table shows the results of this test.

SEARCH Room EXAMPLE III An adhesive composed of 24 kilograms dextrin, 24 liters of Water, and 10 grams of ginger grass oil was effectively stabilized by N N -dibutyl-2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

3 EXAMPLE IV A vegetable glue adhesive composition composed of 100 grams of gum arabic, 0.2 gram calcium hydroxide, 300 ml. of water, and 10 grams of aluminum sulfate was efiectively stabilized by N ,N -bis(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-2- methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

EXAMPLE V An adhesive composition composed of 100 grams of glue, 100 mls. of Water, 5 grams of glycerin, and 3 grams of potassium bichromate was eifectively stabilized by N ,N -bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

EXAMPLE VI An adhesive composition composed of 17 pounds castor oil, 100 pounds pine resin, and 50 pounds denatured alcohol was efiectively stabilized by N -heptadecyl-2- methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

Now having described our invention, what we claim 1s:

1. An adhesive composition stabilized against microorganism attack which comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of casein adhesive, starch adhesive, glue adhesive and rubber latex adhesive and a stabilizing amount of a diamine having the following formula:

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and the radical wherein R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and hydrogen and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl radical having not more than 20 carbon atoms.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is a casein adhesive.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is a starch adhesive.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is a glue adhesive.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the adhesive is a rubber latex adhesive.

6. An adhesive composition stabilized against microorganism attack which comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of casein adhesive, starch adhesive, glue adhesive and rubber latex adhesive and from about 100 to about 1,000 ppm. of a diamine having the following formula:

R H R gal-R I l I IHn wherein R is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and the radical R2 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and hydrogen and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl radical having not more than 20 carbon atoms.

7. An adhesive composition stabilized against micro organism attack which comprises an adhesive seleected from the group consisting of casein adhesive, starch adhesive, glue adhesive and rubber latex adhesive and from about 250 to about 500 ppm. of a diamine having the following formula:

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and the radical wherein R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and hydrogen and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl radical having not more than 20 carbon atoms.

8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the diamine is N ,N -dibutyl-2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

9. The composition of claim 7 wherein the diamine is N ,N bis(l,3 dimethylbutyl)-2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

10. The composition of claim 7 wherein the diamnie is N ,N bis (2-ethylhexyl) -2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

11. The composition of claim 7 wherein the diamine is N ,N -bis(l methylheptyl) 2 methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

12. The composition of claim 7 wherein the diamine is N -heptadecyl-2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine.

13. The composition of claim 7 wherein the diamine is N-( l-aminocyclohexylmethyl) dodecylamine.

14. An adhesive composition stabilized against microorganism attack which comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of casein adhesive, starch adhesive, glue adhesive and rubber latex adhesive and a stabilizing amount of a diamine having the following formula wherein R is cycloalkyl and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl radical having not more than 20 carbon atoms.

15. An adhesive composition stabilized against microorganism attack which comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of casein adhesive, starch adhesive, glue adhesive and rubber latex adhesive and a stabilizing amount of a diamine having the following formula:

wherein R is the radical wherein R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and hydrogen and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and hydrogen and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl radical having not more than 20 carbon atoms.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,116,867 5/1938 Kreimeier 106210 2,246,524 6/1941 Kyrides 260583 2,267,204 12/1941 Kyrides 260-583 2,387,336 10/1945 Littler 106-161 2,876,236 3/1959 Szabo et al. 260583 2,888,421 5/1959 Adams et al. 26029.7 2,987,527 6/1961 Sincroft et al. 260403 3,024,190 3/1962 Bennett et al 252-855 3,058,835 10/1962 Sheeran 106-146 ROBERT F. WHITE, Primary Examiner.

MORRIS LIEBMAN, ALEXANDER BRODMERKEL,

Examiners. 

1. AN ADHESIVE COMPOSITION STABILIZED AGAINST MICROORGANISM ATTACK WHICH COMPRISES AN ADHESIVE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CASEIN ADHESIVE, STARCH ADHESIVE, GLUE ADHESIVE AND RUBBER LATEX ADHESIVE AND A STABILIZING AMOUNT OF DIAMINE HAVING THE FOLLOWING FORMULA: 